El hacer y el no hacer de los migrantes y el ciudadano:
repensar el estudio del movimiento humano
Palabras clave:
migrante, cidadão, nacionalismo metodológico, racismo, mobilidadeResumen
El estudio de las movilidades y los desplazamientos humanos llama la atención sobre el problema del nacionalismo metodológico y es un campo que exige nuevos enfoques. Aunque los Estados producen muchas categorías para agrupar y gobernar a las personas, algunas categorías son necesarias para la formación del propio Estado-nación, y el "inmigrante" es una de ellas. En un contexto en el que nuestras subjetividades están moldeadas por dicotomías como ciudadano/migrante, el artículo se pregunta cómo investigar la migración sin reforzar al migrante como sujeto problemático y reconocer el papel clave que desempeña el Estado-nación sin caer en el nacionalismo metodológico. Por lo tanto, este artículo aboga por la desnaturalización de las categorías de migrante y ciudadano. También sugiere que prestemos más atención a las exclusiones que existen dentro de la categoría "ciudadano" desde un enfoque de raza y a las formas en que algunos Estados ejercen el control sobre el movimiento de los ciudadanos a través del Estado de bienestar. Ambos pueden ayudar a establecer conexiones entre los inmigrantes y los ciudadanos (formales).
Citas
ANDERSON, B.; BLINDER, S. Who counts as a migrant? Definitions and their consequences. Migration Observatory Briefing July 2019. Disponível em : <https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Briefing-Who-Counts-as-a-Migrant-Definitions-and-their-Consequences.pdf>. Acesso em 23 de abril 2021.
Anderson, B.; Dupont P-L. Just Deserts? Justice, deservingness and social assistance. Report D5.5 for H2020 Project Towards an empirically informed European Theory of Justice (ETHOS). Disponível em: < https://cpb-eu-w2.wpmucdn.com/blogs.bristol.ac.uk/dist/e/505/files/2020/05/D5.5-FInal-revised-May-2020-.pdf>. Acesso em 15 de julho 2020.
ANDERSON, B. New directions in migration studies: towards methodological de-nationalism. Comparative Migration Studies, v. 7, n. 36, 2019, p.1-13.
BHATTACHARYYA, G. Rethinking racial capitalism: questions of reproduction and survival. London and New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2018.
BRUBAKER, R. Nationalism reframed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
CARENS, J. The ethics of immigration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
COHEN, E. F. Semi-citizenship in democratic politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
COHEN, E. F. The political value of time: citizenship, duration, and democratic justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
CRESSWELL, T. Mobilities I: catching up. Progress in human geography, v. 35, n. 4, 2011, p. 550-558.
DAHINDEN, J. A plea for the 'de-migranticization' of research on migration and integration. Ethnic and Racial Studies, n. 39, v. 13, 2016, p. 2207-2225.
DAHINDEN, J.; ANDERSON, B. Exploring new avenues for knowledge production in migration research: a debate between Bridget Anderson and Janine Dahinden Pre and after the burst of the pandemic. Swiss Journal of Sociology, v. 47, n. 1, 2021, p. 7-32, 2021.
DE GENOVA, N. The "migrant crisis" as racial crisis: do Black Lives Matter in Europe? Ethnic and Racial Studies, v. 41, n. 10, 2018, p. 1765-1782.
EL- ENANY, N. (B)ordering Britain: law, race and empire. London: Hart, 2020.
ELLERMANN, A. Discrimination in migration and citizenship. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, v. 46, n. 12, 2020, p. 2463-2479.
FAVELL, Adrian. Integration policy and integration research in Western Europe: a review and critique. In: FAVELL, A. (Ed.). Immigration, integration and mobility: new agendas in migration studies 1998-2014. Colchester: ECPR Press, 2015. p. 69-122.
GLICK SCHILLER, N. Transmigrants and nation-states: something old and something new in the US experience immigrant experience. In: The handbook of international migration: the American experience. NY: Russell Sage, 1999. p. 94-119.
GOLDBERG, D. T. The Racial State. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002.
GRABHAM, E. Time and technique: the legal lives of the 26-week qualifying period. Economy and Society, v. 45, n. 3-4, 2016, p. 379-406.
HACKING, Ian. Making up people. In: BAIGIOLI, M. The science studies reader. New York, NY: Routledge, 1986. p. 161-171.
HACKING, Ian. Kinds of people: moving targets. Proceedings of the British Academy, v. 151, 2007, p. 285-318.
HACKING, I. The social construction of what? Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
HAMMAR, T. European Immigration Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
LEVITT, P.; KHAGRAM, S. The transnational studies reader: intersections and innovations. London: Routledge, 2007.
LENTIN, A. Post-race, post politics: the paradoxical rise of culture after multiculturalism. Ethnic and Racial Studies, v. 37, n. 8, 2014, p. 1268-1285.
MALKKI, L. Refugees and exile: from "refugee studies" to the national order of things. Annual Review of Anthropology, v. 24, 1995, p. 495-523.
MALONE, B. Why Al Jazeera will not say Mediterranean 'migrants'. Al Jazeera Reporter's Notebook, 2015. Disponível em: < http://www.aljazeera.com/blogs/editors-blog/2015/08/al-jazeera-mediterranean-migrants-150820082226309.html>. Acesso em 20 de maio 2020.
MILLS, C. Black rights/white wrongs: the critique of racial liberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
MONGIA, R. Indian migration and Empire: a colonial genealogy of the modern state. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018.
PECK, J.; THEODORE, N. Politicizing contingent work: countering neoliberal labor market regulation...from the bottom up? South Atlantic Quarterly, v. 111, n. 4, 2012, p. 741-761.
ROSE, N. Powers of freedom: reframing political thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
SCHINKEL, Willem. Against "Immigrant Integration": For an End to Neocolonial Knowledge Production. Comparative Migration Studies, v. 6, n. 31, 2018, p. 1-17.
SHARMA, N. Home Rule: national sovereignty and the separation of natives and migrants. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2020.
STEVENS, J. U.S. government unlawfully detaining and deporting U.S. citizens as aliens. Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, v. 18, n. 3, 2011, p. 606-720.
TORPEY, J. The invention of the passport. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
URRY, J. Mobile sociology. The British Journal of Sociology, v. 51, n. 1, 2000, p. 185-203.
URRY, J. Mobilities. London: Polity Press, 2007.
VERTOVEC, S. Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, v. 30, n. 6, 2007, p. 1024-1054.
WALSH, J. Watchful citizens: immigration control, surveillance and societal participation, Social and Legal Studies, v. 23, n. 2, 2014, p. 237-259.
WILLIAMS, M. S. Voice, trust, and memory: marginalized groups and the failings of liberal representation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.
WIMMER, A.; GLICK SCHILLER, N. Methodological nationalism and beyond: nation-state building, migration and the social sciences. Global Networks, v. 2, n. 4, 2002, p. 301-334.
YOUNG, I. Polity and group difference: a critique of the ideal of universal citizenship. Ethics, v. 99, n. 2, 1989, p. 250-274.
YUVAL-DAVIS, N.; WEMYSS, G.; CASSIDY, K. Bordering. London: Wiley, 2019.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Bridget Anderson
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Cedo à revista Trilhos os direitos autorais de publicação de meu artigo e consultarei o editor científico da revista caso queira republicá-lo depois em livro.
